For production systems, Hdiv Protection, based on RASP technology, protects SSRF vulnerabilities from attacks without using blacklists or pattern-matching. Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) refers to an attack wherein an attacker is able to send a crafted request from a vulnerable web application. The CapitalOne breach is relevant because the application WAF (ModSecurity) was unable to identify and block the attack. Server Side Request Forgery is easy to understand by seeing a code example. If the RASP detects a malicious payload reaching a vulnerable piece of code, it will identify the attack and block the exploitation of the vulnerability. View article, © 2020 Hdiv Security. If an application simply assembles user input to build an external request to an authentication service, it is potentially introducing a SSRF vulnerability. They are similar to APIs, but simpler and more standardized. It is not clear whether a WAF bypass was used, or simply the WAF was turned off. In order to detect Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) automatically, we’ll need to rely on an intermediary service since the detection of such a vulnerability requires an out-of-band and time-delay vector. DevSecOps: The 7 Key Factors To Secure Your DevOps Practice, The difference between active IAST and passive IAST. Acunetix solves this by making use of AcuMonitor as its intermediary service during an automated scan. For instance, a mailing service can expose a webhook that our application can use when a new user is registered so that a welcome email is sent by the mailing service. Therefore, it’s best to enable authentication wherever possible as another defense mechanism. Check out this post to learn more about what is IAST to learn all about Interactive Application Security Testing. This eliminates the risk of exploiting the functionality while allowing the developers the ability to introduce certain application behaviors. In any case, SSRF was one of the key vulnerabilities behind the breach. For a comprehensive list of attacks and URL schemas that can be used, ONSec Labs maintains a detailed document with a lot of useful information about Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) attacks. Implementing simple blacklists or regular expressions directly on the user’s input to filter out which IP addresses or domains can make requests is a bad approach to take when mitigating an SSRF. If the input data ends in a sensitive spot, the RASP can then look at the payload behavior. A Server Side Request Forgery vulnerability is a security bug that happens when an application takes untrusted user input, typically a POST or GET request parameter, and uses it without proper validation to generate a subsequent request.

We use optional third-party analytics cookies to understand how you use GitHub.com so we can build better products. In case of direct socket access determine CRLF and other injections for smuggling 6. A common SSRF WAF bypass tactic is to envelop the payload with multiple levels of encoding and encryption. SSRF is a type of web application vulnerability and the associated family of attacks that force a target server to execute requests against other resources that the target server has access to, including read and write operations to local and internal assets. Blind Server Side Request Forgery exploits do not return a response to the attacker. Server-Side Request Forgery vulnerabilities could provide an attacker with the opportunity to access some of these services without any authentication standing in the way. When information in a web application has to be retrieved from an external resource, which could also be internal services, such as a RSS feed from another website, server side requests are used to fetch the resource and include it in the web application. If your application only makes use of HTTP or HTTPS to make requests, only allow those URL schemas. We use optional third-party analytics cookies to understand how you use GitHub.com so we can build better products. Learn more about the difference between active and passive IASTs in this other post. A type of unauthorized action that deserves special attention is when the attacker takes advantage of the vulnerable server as a stepping stone to enable larger compound attacks, in particular combinations of SSRF and XXE. If AcuMonitor receives a request on one of these unique URLs, it will send a notification back to Acunetix indicating it should raise an alert for Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF). All About Dynamic Application Security Testing tools. Additionally, it’s also possible for an attacker to leverage SSRF to access services from the same server that is listening on the loopback interface (127.0.0.1). Hdiv Security detects and protects the SSRF Risk.

Like many other high-exposure cases, the root cause of the breach is a combination of risky practices and bugs.

All About Interactive Application Security Testing, What is SAST?

Above all else, under no circumstances should the raw response body from the request sent by the server be delivered to the client. java-sec-code / src / main / java / org / joychou / controller / SSRF.java / Jump to. LEVERAGE THE ACCURACY OF IAST TOOLS TO BUILD SECURE SOFTWARE, Learn the answers to the key questions regarding IAST tools, THE 7 KEY FACTORS TO SUCCESSFUL DEVSECOPS, Secure Your SDLC and Release Software Faster, IAST IN DEVELOPMENT, QA AND PRODUCTION STAGES, Share security awareness culture through the SDLC. Regarding SSRF, WAFs might try to find specific URLs or IP patterns that should not be part of a regular request. Active IASTs will have to rely on specific attack traffic to identify SSRF vulnerabilities. We use essential cookies to perform essential website functions, e.g. The morphology of the attack and the particular payload structure will greatly depend on whether it is a basic vs blind, as well as on the intended action. An attacker takes advantage of the access rights of the target server to perform a broad array of unauthorized actions. This common condition highlights the importance of adopting self-protecting behaviors, with no dependence on perimeter defenses. r/netsec: A community for technical news and discussion of information security and closely related topics. Hdiv Protection will also help to manage non-web protocols such as ftp, so the team can decide what’s allowed and what’s not. Instead, the most robust way of dealing with Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) is to whitelist the DNS name or IP address which your application needs access to. An example of such a request is the following using the file:/// URL schema. However, a static view of the application is highly inaccurate since the untrusted input parameters could follow a complicated dynamic path that it is hard to disentangle by just looking at the source code. In this article, we explore the concept of Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF), what kind of is vulnerable to SSRF attacks, and best practices to prevent them.

The CapitalOne breach in 2019 is one of the most well known and damaging cases of SSRF. Services such as Memcached, Redis, Elasticsearch, and MongoDB do not require authentication by default. Port 11211 is the default port used by Memcached, which is not normally exposed. To increase the efficiency and the accuracy of the protection, Hdiv Protection will only monitor payloads in the points of the application that actually are vulnerable to Server Side Request Forgery. Some applications store images and other resources in the server filesystem. Additionally, the access roles were too permissive, which represents an additional security misconfiguration vulnerability. Runtime Application Self Protection technology (RASP) shares some of the architectural advantages with the IAST approach discussed above, in the vulnerability detection section. Typical risky SSRF Use Cases It led to the disclosure of over 100 million client records. 4. SSRF is a great example of the advantages of observing the applications in runtime, from the inside. If uri is indeed hard-coded, then the attacker has no ability to influence where the request is going, so it would indeed look to be a false positive. Interactive Application Security Testing tools use server instrumentation to follow the input data through the different layers of the application. For example, it’s possible for an attacker to access services on localhost. See the original article here. Why do developers introduce risky practices that can lead to SSRF? Webhooks are a modular way to extend the functionality of an application by including flexible and standardized “plugins.” The external site plugins (webhooks) are called after a triggering event in the origin application. SSRF is usually used to target internal systems behind firewalls that are normally inaccessible to an attacker from the external network. If you want to experience Hdiv, you can request an immediate Hdiv Security Online Demo, and download our IAST white paper below. All About Static Application Security Testing tools, NIST 800 53 guidelines recommend IAST and RASP, SAST & DAST vs IAST: All You Need to Know About AST Tools, What is DAST? That attack, of course, was SSRF, or Server Side Request Forgery.

Let’s take a look at the different strategies that help teams automate the detection of SSRF security vulnerabilities: Static analysis tools (SAST) attempt to find the code patterns that suggest the presence of an SSRF vulnerability. Server Side Request Forgery attacks are attempts to exploit an SSRF vulnerability by sending a payload that makes the target server take an unintended action, as described above.

This leads to SSRF. During a scan, Acunetix will make requests containing a unique AcuMonitor URL. Because of this open-loop, read operations are not immediate, but blind attacks can be used easily to conduct write operations for which the attacker does not need to see the response.

The vulnerability happens when the unvalidated input data is used to open a different request and return it to the user. Going back to the vulnerability example described above, an immediate attack would be to simply request the following URL: This request would return the server etc/passwd file, because the vulnerable code simply returns the contents of any URL, regardless of protocol and scope. The SSRF acronym stands for “Server-Side Request Forgery,” as the attacker forces the server (forging) to perform malicious unintended requests. Over a million developers have joined DZone. Querying APIs are another common example. Examples of these actions are browsing server private directories, remote execution of code in the target server, accessing local machines behind the network firewall (port scans), and many others. Typically Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) occurs when a web application is making a request, where an attacker has full or partial control of the request that is being sent. Such an example would be accessing instance metadata in Amazon EC2 and OpenStack instances.

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